Clinical Significance:
Pancreastatin is a 49 amino acid peptide produced by degradation of Chromo-granin A. It inhibits Chromogranin A and Parathyroid Hormone release. Pancreastatin also inhibits release of Somatostatin upon glucose stimulation. It may also control carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglycemia. Although there are no compounds with significant structural homology with Pancreastatin, there are minor similarities to Gastrin and Anti-Diuretic Hormone. Pancreastatin reduces the the early phase of Glucose induced Insulin release. Suppression of Insulin release upon Glucose stimulation is a characteristic feature of Type II Diabetes. Pancreastatin could play an important therapeutic role in the treatment of diabetes. Pancreastatin also inhibits release of Somatostatin. It may also control carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglycemia.
Reference Range:
10 – 135 pg/ml
Procedure:
Pancreastatin is measured by direct radioimmunoassay.
Patient Preparation:
Patient should not be on any medications that may influence Insulin levels, if possible, for at least 48 hours prior to collection.
Specimen Collection:
Collect 10mL blood directly into ISI’s Z-tubeTM Preservative and separate as soon as possible. Freeze plasma immediately after separation. Special Z-tubeTM Preservatives are available from ISI. Minimum specimen size is 1mL. Note: one Z-tubeTM may be shared for up to three tests. After centrifuging tube, aliqout 1mL per test in separate vials, mark with name of test and freeze.
Important Precaution:
Specimens for this assay must be collected using the Z-tube. Specimens must be shipped frozen; specimens are not stable at refrigerated or room temperatures. No other specimens are acceptable.
Special Specimens:
For tumor/tissue and various fluids (i.e. CSF, peritoneal, synovial, etc.) contact the Institute for requirements and special handling.
Shipping Instructions:
Ship specimens frozen in dry ice.
References:
1. Raines D, Chester M, Diebold AE, et al. A prospective evaluation of the effect of chronic proton pump inhibitor use on plasma biomarker levels in humans. Pancreas. 2012;41(4):508-511.
2. O’Dorisio TM, Krutzik SR, Woltering EA, et al. Development of a highly sensitive and specific carboxy-terminal human Pancreastatin assay to monitor neuroendocrine tumor behavior. Pancreas. 2010;39(5):611-616.
3. Piero E, Mirelles P, Silvestre RA, et al. Pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion as induced by glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastric inhibiting peptide, and 8-cholecystokinin in the perfused rat pancreas. Metabolism. 1989;38:679-82.
4. Tatemoto K, Efendi S, Mutt S, et al. Pancreastatin, a novel pancreatic peptide that inhibits insulin secretion. Nature. 1986;324:476-8.
5. Calhoun K, Toth-Fejel S, Chee J, et al. Serum peptide profiles in patients with carcinoid tumors. Am J Surg. 2003;186(1):28-31
6. Syversen U, Jacobsen MB, O’Connor DT, et al. Immunoassays for measurement of chromogranin A and pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in humans: correspondence in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasia. Neuropeptides. 1994;26(3):201-6
7. Kogner P, Bjellerup P, Svensson T, et al. Pancreastatin immunoreactivity in favourable childhood neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A(4):557-60.
8. Desai DC, O’Dorisio TM, Schirmer WJ, et al. Serum pancreastatin levels predict response to hepatic artery chemoembolization and somatostatin analog therapy in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Regul Pept. 2001;96(3):113-17.